LIGHTENED TO LIGHT

  LESSON – 1 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS   1.   Name the first calculating device. Write a short note on early calculating devices. Abacus was the first calculating device. With the course of time different machines were invented to perform calculations. The early calculation devices were Napier’s bones, Pascaline calculator, Difference engine and analytical Engine.   2.   Name the generation of computers and briefly explain each of them. The first generation computers were very large in size, heavy, used vacuum tubes and were extremely costly. Second generation computes used transistors. Were small in size, and cheaper. Third generation computers used integrated circuits, replacing transistors. They had a keyboard and a monitor. The fourth generation computes have a high storage, and are the best in all categories. The fifth generation computing or artificial intelligences, is still under research and development. It would enable a computer to think or its own.

LESSON – 1 A COMPUTER SYSTEM 1.   What is a computer? Computer is a useful machine that works with the data and instructions given by the user. We can play games, write letters, draw pictures, listen to music, store information, solve sums etc., on a computer.   2.   What do you call the information that you enter into a computer? The information that we enter into a computer is called input data and instructions.   3.   Name the device that is known as the brain of a computer? The brain of a computer is known as Central Processing Unit (CPU).   4.   How many types of keys are there on the keyboard? Name them:- There are 5 types of keys are there on the keyboard. They are: 1. Typing (Alphanumeric) keys 2. Control keys, 3. Function keys, 4. Navigation keys, 5. Numeric keypad.   5.   Define the term software. Name its types. Software is a set of instruction given to the computer to do a particular work. There are two types of software: 1. System software,

  LESSON – 1 COMPUTER – A SMART MACHINE   1. Write two things which make computers and human beings different. a. Human beings can think and take decisions b. Human beings have feelings   a. Computers cannot think and take decisions on their own b. A computer has no feelings.   2. What is a computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data.   3. Write any three characteristics of a computer.   The characteristics of a computers are: 1. Speed- A computer works very fast. 2. Large memory – A computer can store a large amount of data. 3. Accuracy- a computer is very accurate and reliable.

  LESSON – 1 COMPUTER – A MACHINE 1. What are machines? A machine is a man-made thing.   2. Write three things that we can do using a computer. We can:     1. Draw and colour pictures 2. Listen to music 3. Watch cartoons

  LESSON – 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTERS   QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:-   1.   How are computers classified on the basis of their size, capacity and speed? Computers are classified on the basis of their size, capacity and speed. They are: A.   Microcomputer:   It is a complete personal computer designed for an individual. It is used in office, schools, homes etc. B.   Minicomputers: have more processing powers used as servers and multi user system. They can store more memory and a large number of devices can be attached to it. C.   Mainframe computers: These types are very large and expensive and have a very large memory. It can be used by 100 users D.   Supercomputers: they are the most powerful computers in terms of speed and memory. It can process billions of instructions per second. It is used in scientific research, weather forecasting, underground studies etc.   2.   Distinguish between RAM and ROM SL NO RAM ROM 1.